{"id":1088,"date":"2019-10-30T09:31:12","date_gmt":"2019-10-30T01:31:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/iqotom.com\/?p=1088"},"modified":"2019-10-30T09:31:15","modified_gmt":"2019-10-30T01:31:15","slug":"linux%e5%b8%b8%e7%94%a8%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e5%a4%a7%e5%85%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/iqotom.com\/?p=1088","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u5927\u5168"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Linux\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u5927\u5168<\/strong> <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u90fd\u5728\u548cLinux\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u8fd8\u4e0d\u9519\u3002\u6211\u89c9\u5f97Linux\u76f8\u6bd4windows\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ebb\u70e6\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u8981\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u559c\u6b22linux\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u77ed\u5c0f\u4f46\u5374\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u3002\u6211\u5c06\u6211\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5217\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ec5\u4f9b\u5927\u5bb6\u53c2\u8003\uff1a <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

arch \u663e\u793a\u673a\u5668\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u67b6\u6784
uname -m \u663e\u793a\u673a\u5668\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u67b6\u6784
uname -r \u663e\u793a\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c\u00a0
dmidecode -q \u663e\u793a\u786c\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u90e8\u4ef6 – (SMBIOS \/ DMI)\u00a0
hdparm -i \/dev\/hda \u7f57\u5217\u4e00\u4e2a\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u7279\u6027\u00a0
hdparm -tT \/dev\/sda \u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6027\u8bfb\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\u00a0
cat \/proc\/cpuinfo \u663e\u793aCPU info\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u00a0
cat \/proc\/interrupts \u663e\u793a\u4e2d\u65ad\u00a0
cat \/proc\/meminfo \u6821\u9a8c\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0
cat \/proc\/swaps \u663e\u793a\u54ea\u4e9bswap\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0
cat \/proc\/version \u663e\u793a\u5185\u6838\u7684\u7248\u672c\u00a0
cat \/proc\/net\/dev \u663e\u793a\u7f51\u7edc\u9002\u914d\u5668\u53ca\u7edf\u8ba1\u00a0
cat \/proc\/mounts \u663e\u793a\u5df2\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u00a0
lspci -tv \u7f57\u5217 PCI \u8bbe\u5907\u00a0
lsusb -tv \u663e\u793a USB \u8bbe\u5907\u00a0
date \u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u671f\u00a0
cal 2007 \u663e\u793a2007\u5e74\u7684\u65e5\u5386\u8868\u00a0
date 041217002007.00 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4 – \u6708\u65e5\u65f6\u5206\u5e74.\u79d2\u00a0
clock -w \u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u4fee\u6539\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230 BIOS\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5173\u673a (\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5173\u673a\u3001\u91cd\u542f\u4ee5\u53ca\u767b\u51fa ) <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

shutdown -h now \u5173\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf
init 0 \u5173\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf
telinit 0 \u5173\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf
shutdown -h hours:minutes & \u6309\u9884\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5173\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf\u00a0
shutdown -c \u53d6\u6d88\u6309\u9884\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5173\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf\u00a0
shutdown -r now \u91cd\u542f
reboot \u91cd\u542f
logout \u6ce8\u9500\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

cd \/home \u8fdb\u5165 ‘\/ home’ \u76ee\u5f55’ 
cd .. \u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55 
cd ..\/.. \u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u4e24\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55 
cd \u8fdb\u5165\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55 
cd ~user1 \u8fdb\u5165\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55 
cd – \u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u6b21\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55 
pwd \u663e\u793a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8def\u5f84 
ls \u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6 
ls -F \u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6 
ls -l \u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8d44\u6599 
ls -a \u663e\u793a\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6 
ls *[0-9]* \u663e\u793a\u5305\u542b\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u540d 
tree \u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7531\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784
lstree \u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7531\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784
mkdir dir1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a ‘dir1′ \u7684\u76ee\u5f55’ 
mkdir dir1 dir2 \u540c\u65f6\u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55 
mkdir -p \/tmp\/dir1\/dir2 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u6811 
rm -f file1 \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a ‘file1′ \u7684\u6587\u4ef6’ 
rmdir dir1 \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a ‘dir1′ \u7684\u76ee\u5f55’ 
rm -rf dir1 \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a ‘dir1’ \u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u5176\u5185\u5bb9 
rm -rf dir1 dir2 \u540c\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5185\u5bb9 
mv dir1 new_dir \u91cd\u547d\u540d\/\u79fb\u52a8 \u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55 
cp file1 file2 \u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6 
cp dir\/* . \u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55 
cp -a \/tmp\/dir1 . \u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55 
cp -a dir1 dir2 \u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

cp -r dir1 dir2 \u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55
ln -s file1 lnk1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5 
ln file1 lnk1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7269\u7406\u94fe\u63a5 
touch -t 0712250000 file1 \u4fee\u6539\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233 – (YYMMDDhhmm) 
file file1 outputs the mime type of the file as text 
iconv -l \u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u7f16\u7801 
iconv -f fromEncoding -t toEncoding inputFile > outputFile creates a new from the given input file by assuming it is encoded in fromEncoding and converting it to toEncoding. 
find . -maxdepth 1 -name *.jpg -print -exec convert “{}” -resize 80×60 “thumbs\/{}” \\; batch resize files in the current directory and send them to a thumbnails directory (requires convert from Imagemagick) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6587\u4ef6\u641c\u7d22<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\n\nfind \/ -name file1 \u4ece ‘\/’ \u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u5165\u6839\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u641c\u7d22\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55 
find \/ -user user1 \u641c\u7d22\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7528\u6237 ‘user1’ \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55 
find \/home\/user1 -name \\*.bin \u5728\u76ee\u5f55 ‘\/ home\/user1′ \u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5e26\u6709’.bin’ \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6 
find \/usr\/bin -type f -atime +100 \u641c\u7d22\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb100\u5929\u5185\u672a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6 
find \/usr\/bin -type f -mtime -10 \u641c\u7d22\u572810\u5929\u5185\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\u6216\u8005\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6 
find \/ -name \\*.rpm -exec chmod 755 ‘{}’ \\; \u641c\u7d22\u4ee5 ‘.rpm’ \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u5b9a\u4e49\u5176\u6743\u9650 
find \/ -xdev -name \\*.rpm \u641c\u7d22\u4ee5 ‘.rpm’ \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u5149\u9a71\u3001\u6377\u76d8\u7b49\u53ef\u79fb\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907 
locate \\*.ps \u5bfb\u627e\u4ee5 ‘.ps’ \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6 – \u5148\u8fd0\u884c ‘updatedb’ \u547d\u4ee4 
whereis halt \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6e90\u7801\u6216man\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e 
which halt \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84 \n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

mount \/dev\/hda2 \/mnt\/hda2 \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505ahda2\u7684\u76d8 – \u786e\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55 ‘\/ mnt\/hda2’ \u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u00a0
umount \/dev\/hda2 \u5378\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505ahda2\u7684\u76d8 – \u5148\u4ece\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9 ‘\/ mnt\/hda2’ \u9000\u51fa\u00a0
fuser -km \/mnt\/hda2 \u5f53\u8bbe\u5907\u7e41\u5fd9\u65f6\u5f3a\u5236\u5378\u8f7d\u00a0
umount -n \/mnt\/hda2 \u8fd0\u884c\u5378\u8f7d\u64cd\u4f5c\u800c\u4e0d\u5199\u5165 \/etc\/mtab \u6587\u4ef6- \u5f53\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3a\u53ea\u8bfb\u6216\u5f53\u78c1\u76d8\u5199\u6ee1\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u00a0
mount \/dev\/fd0 \/mnt\/floppy \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6f\u76d8\u00a0
mount \/dev\/cdrom \/mnt\/cdrom \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2acdrom\u6216dvdrom\u00a0
mount \/dev\/hdc \/mnt\/cdrecorder \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2acdrw\u6216dvdrom\u00a0
mount \/dev\/hdb \/mnt\/cdrecorder \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2acdrw\u6216dvdrom\u00a0
mount -o loop file.iso \/mnt\/cdrom \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216ISO\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6\u00a0
mount -t vfat \/dev\/hda5 \/mnt\/hda5 \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2aWindows FAT32\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u00a0
mount \/dev\/sda1 \/mnt\/usbdisk \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2ausb \u6377\u76d8\u6216\u95ea\u5b58\u8bbe\u5907\u00a0
mount -t smbfs -o username=user,password=pass \/\/WinClient\/share \/mnt\/share \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2awindows\u7f51\u7edc\u5171\u4eab\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\n\ndf -h \u663e\u793a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u5206\u533a\u5217\u8868 
ls -lSr |more \u4ee5\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5927\u5c0f\u6392\u5217\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55 
du -sh dir1 \u4f30\u7b97\u76ee\u5f55 ‘dir1′ \u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4’ 
du -sk * | sort -rn \u4ee5\u5bb9\u91cf\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\u4f9d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5927\u5c0f 
rpm -q -a –qf ‘%10{SIZE}t%{NAME}n’ | sort -k1,1n \u4ee5\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\u4f9d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4 (fedora, redhat\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf) 
dpkg-query -W -f=’${Installed-Size;10}t${Package}n’ | sort -k1,1n \u4ee5\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\u663e\u793a\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684deb\u5305\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4 (ubuntu, debian\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf) \n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7fa4\u7ec4 <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\n\ngroupadd group_name \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u7ec4 
groupdel group_name \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4 
groupmod -n new_group_name old_group_name \u91cd\u547d\u540d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4 
useradd -c “Name Surname ” -g admin -d \/home\/user1 -s \/bin\/bash user1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u4e8e “admin” \u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u7528\u6237 
useradd user1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7528\u6237 
userdel -r user1 \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237 ( ‘-r’ \u6392\u9664\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55) 
usermod -c “User FTP” -g system -d \/ftp\/user1 -s \/bin\/nologin user1 \u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5c5e\u6027 
passwd \u4fee\u6539\u53e3\u4ee4 
passwd user1 \u4fee\u6539\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u53e3\u4ee4 (\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8root\u6267\u884c) 
chage -E 2005-12-31 user1 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u53e3\u4ee4\u7684\u5931\u6548\u671f\u9650 
pwck \u68c0\u67e5 ‘\/etc\/passwd’ \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u8bed\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7528\u6237 
grpck \u68c0\u67e5 ‘\/etc\/passwd’ \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u8bed\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4 
newgrp group_name \u767b\u9646\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\u7fa4\u7ec4 \n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650 – \u4f7f\u7528 “+” \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 “-” \u7528\u4e8e\u53d6\u6d88 <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\n\nls -lh \u663e\u793a\u6743\u9650 
ls \/tmp | pr -T5 -W$COLUMNS \u5c06\u7ec8\u7aef\u5212\u5206\u62105\u680f\u663e\u793a 
chmod ugo+rwx directory1 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba(u)\u3001\u7fa4\u7ec4(g)\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba(o)\u4ee5\u8bfb\uff08r \uff09\u3001\u5199(w)\u548c\u6267\u884c(x)\u7684\u6743\u9650 
chmod go-rwx directory1 \u5220\u9664\u7fa4\u7ec4(g)\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba(o)\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650 
chown user1 file1 \u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5c5e\u6027 
chown -R user1 directory1 \u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5c5e\u6027\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u6539\u53d8\u6539\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027 
chgrp group1 file1 \u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4 
chown user1:group1 file1 \u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u548c\u7fa4\u7ec4\u5c5e\u6027 
find \/ -perm -u+s \u7f57\u5217\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86SUID\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u6587\u4ef6 
chmod u+s \/bin\/file1 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 SUID \u4f4d – \u8fd0\u884c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4e5f\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u548c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6743\u9650 
chmod u-s \/bin\/file1 \u7981\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 SUID\u4f4d 
chmod g+s \/home\/public \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684SGID \u4f4d – \u7c7b\u4f3cSUID \uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 
chmod g-s \/home\/public \u7981\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 SGID \u4f4d 
chmod o+t \/home\/public \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 STIKY \u4f4d – \u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u5408\u6cd5\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6 
chmod o-t \/home\/public \u7981\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 STIKY \u4f4d 
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5c5e\u6027 – \u4f7f\u7528 “+” \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 “-” \u7528\u4e8e\u53d6\u6d88 <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

chattr +a file1 \u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u4ee5\u8ffd\u52a0\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bfb\u5199\u6587\u4ef6\u00a0
chattr +c file1 \u5141\u8bb8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u80fd\u88ab\u5185\u6838\u81ea\u52a8\u538b\u7f29\/\u89e3\u538b\u00a0
chattr +d file1 \u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5907\u4efd\u65f6\uff0cdump\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c06\u5ffd\u7565\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u00a0
chattr +i file1 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6216\u8005\u94fe\u63a5\u00a0
chattr +s file1 \u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u5220\u9664\u00a0
chattr +S file1 \u4e00\u65e6\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7acb\u523b\u628a\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5199\u5230\u78c1\u76d8\u00a0
chattr +u file1 \u82e5\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5728\u4ee5\u540e\u6062\u590d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u00a0
lsattr \u663e\u793a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6253\u5305\u548c\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6 <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\n\nbunzip2 file1.bz2 \u89e3\u538b\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a ‘file1.bz2’\u7684\u6587\u4ef6 
bzip2 file1 \u538b\u7f29\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a ‘file1’ \u7684\u6587\u4ef6 
gunzip file1.gz \u89e3\u538b\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a ‘file1.gz’\u7684\u6587\u4ef6 
gzip file1 \u538b\u7f29\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a ‘file1’\u7684\u6587\u4ef6 
gzip -9 file1 \u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u538b\u7f29 
rar a file1.rar test_file \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a ‘file1.rar’ \u7684\u5305 
rar a file1.rar file1 file2 dir1 \u540c\u65f6\u538b\u7f29 ‘file1’, ‘file2’ \u4ee5\u53ca\u76ee\u5f55 ‘dir1’ 
rar x file1.rar \u89e3\u538brar\u5305 
unrar x file1.rar \u89e3\u538brar\u5305 
tar -cvf archive.tar file1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u538b\u7f29\u7684 tarball 
tar -cvf archive.tar file1 file2 dir1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u4e86 ‘file1’, ‘file2’ \u4ee5\u53ca ‘dir1’\u7684\u6863\u6848\u6587\u4ef6 
tar -tf archive.tar \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9 
tar -xvf archive.tar \u91ca\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305 
tar -xvf archive.tar -C \/tmp \u5c06\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u91ca\u653e\u5230 \/tmp\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b 
tar -cvfj archive.tar.bz2 dir1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2abzip2\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305 
tar -jxvf archive.tar.bz2 \u89e3\u538b\u4e00\u4e2abzip2\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305 
tar -cvfz archive.tar.gz dir1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2agzip\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305 
tar -zxvf archive.tar.gz \u89e3\u538b\u4e00\u4e2agzip\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305 
zip file1.zip file1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2azip\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305 
zip -r file1.zip file1 file2 dir1 \u5c06\u51e0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u540c\u65f6\u538b\u7f29\u6210\u4e00\u4e2azip\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305 
unzip file1.zip \u89e3\u538b\u4e00\u4e2azip\u683c\u5f0f\u538b\u7f29\u5305 \n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

RPM \u5305 – \uff08Fedora, Redhat\u53ca\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\n\nrpm -ivh package.rpm \u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305 
rpm -ivh –nodeeps package.rpm \u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u8b66\u544a 
rpm -U package.rpm \u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u4f46\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6 
rpm -F package.rpm \u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u786e\u5b9a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305 
rpm -e package_name.rpm \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305 
rpm -qa \u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305 
rpm -qa | grep httpd \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u5305\u542b “httpd” \u5b57\u6837\u7684rpm\u5305 
rpm -qi package_name \u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u5305\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u4fe1\u606f 
rpm -qg “System Environment\/Daemons” \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684rpm\u5305 
rpm -ql package_name \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868 
rpm -qc package_name \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868 
rpm -q package_name –whatrequires \u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u5b58\u5728\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5217\u8868 
rpm -q package_name –whatprovides \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u6240\u5360\u7684\u4f53\u79ef 
rpm -q package_name –scripts \u663e\u793a\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\/\u5220\u9664\u671f\u95f4\u6240\u6267\u884c\u7684\u811a\u672cl 
rpm -q package_name –changelog \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u5386\u53f2 
rpm -qf \/etc\/httpd\/conf\/httpd.conf \u786e\u8ba4\u6240\u7ed9\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7531\u54ea\u4e2arpm\u5305\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b 
rpm -qp package.rpm -l \u663e\u793a\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c1a\u672a\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868 
rpm –import \/media\/cdrom\/RPM-GPG-KEY \u5bfc\u5165\u516c\u94a5\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66 
rpm –checksig package.rpm \u786e\u8ba4\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027 
rpm -qa gpg-pubkey \u786e\u8ba4\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6240\u6709rpm\u5305\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027 
rpm -V package_name \u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3001 \u8bb8\u53ef\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u7fa4\u7ec4\u3001MD5\u68c0\u67e5\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4 
rpm -Va \u68c0\u67e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305- \u5c0f\u5fc3\u4f7f\u7528 
rpm -Vp package.rpm \u786e\u8ba4\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u8fd8\u672a\u5b89\u88c5 
rpm2cpio package.rpm | cpio –extract –make-directories *bin* \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u8fd0\u884c\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6 
rpm -ivh \/usr\/src\/redhat\/RPMS\/`arch`\/package.rpm \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u6e90\u7801\u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2a\u6784\u5efa\u597d\u7684\u5305 
rpmbuild –rebuild package_name.src.rpm \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u6e90\u7801\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a rpm \u5305 \n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

YUM \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u5347\u7ea7\u5668 – \uff08Fedora, RedHat\u53ca\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\n\nyum install package_name \u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305 
yum localinstall package_name.rpm \u5c06\u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4ed3\u5e93\u4e3a\u4f60\u89e3\u51b3\u6240\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb 
yum update package_name.rpm \u66f4\u65b0\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305 
yum update package_name \u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305 
yum remove package_name \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305 
yum list \u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5305 
yum search package_name \u5728rpm\u4ed3\u5e93\u4e2d\u641c\u5bfb\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305 
yum clean packages \u6e05\u7406rpm\u7f13\u5b58\u5220\u9664\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u5305 
yum clean headers \u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5934\u6587\u4ef6 
yum clean all \u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u5305\u548c\u5934\u6587\u4ef6 \n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DEB \u5305 (Debian, Ubuntu \u4ee5\u53ca\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7cfb\u7edf) <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\n\ndpkg -i package.deb \u5b89\u88c5\/\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2a deb \u5305 
dpkg -r package_name \u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a deb \u5305 
dpkg -l \u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684 deb \u5305 
dpkg -l | grep httpd \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u5305\u542b “httpd” \u5b57\u6837\u7684deb\u5305 
dpkg -s package_name \u83b7\u5f97\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u5305\u7684\u4fe1\u606f 
dpkg -L package_name \u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2adeb\u5305\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868 
dpkg –contents package.deb \u663e\u793a\u5c1a\u672a\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868 
dpkg -S \/bin\/ping \u786e\u8ba4\u6240\u7ed9\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7531\u54ea\u4e2adeb\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b \n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

APT \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u5177 (Debian, Ubuntu \u4ee5\u53ca\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7cfb\u7edf) <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\n\napt-get install package_name \u5b89\u88c5\/\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2a deb \u5305 
apt-cdrom install package_name \u4ece\u5149\u76d8\u5b89\u88c5\/\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2a deb \u5305 
apt-get update \u5347\u7ea7\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305 
apt-get upgrade \u5347\u7ea7\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6 
apt-get remove package_name \u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2adeb\u5305 
apt-get check \u786e\u8ba4\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4ed3\u5e93\u6b63\u786e 
apt-get clean \u4ece\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u4e2d\u6e05\u7406\u7f13\u5b58 
apt-cache search searched-package \u8fd4\u56de\u5305\u542b\u6240\u8981\u641c\u7d22\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u540d\u79f0 \n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

cat file1 \u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u5f00\u59cb\u6b63\u5411\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u00a0
tac file1 \u4ece\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u53cd\u5411\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u00a0
more file1 \u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u00a0
less file1 \u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e ‘more’ \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u548c\u6b63\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u53cd\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u00a0
head -2 file1 \u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u524d\u4e24\u884c\u00a0
tail -2 file1 \u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e24\u884c\u00a0
tail -f \/var\/log\/messages \u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u770b\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\n\ncat file1 file2 … | command <> file1_in.txt_or_file1_out.txt general syntax for text manipulation using PIPE, STDIN and STDOUT 
cat file1 | command( sed, grep, awk, grep, etc…) > result.txt \u5408\u5e76\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7b80\u4ecb\u5199\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d 
cat file1 | command( sed, grep, awk, grep, etc…) >> result.txt \u5408\u5e76\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7b80\u4ecb\u5199\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d 
grep Aug \/var\/log\/messages \u5728\u6587\u4ef6 ‘\/var\/log\/messages’\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5173\u952e\u8bcd”Aug” 
grep ^Aug \/var\/log\/messages \u5728\u6587\u4ef6 ‘\/var\/log\/messages’\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u4ee5”Aug”\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47 
grep [0-9] \/var\/log\/messages \u9009\u62e9 ‘\/var\/log\/messages’ \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u884c 
grep Aug -R \/var\/log\/* \u5728\u76ee\u5f55 ‘\/var\/log’ \u53ca\u968f\u540e\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32”Aug” 
sed ‘s\/stringa1\/stringa2\/g’ example.txt \u5c06example.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684 “string1” \u66ff\u6362\u6210 “string2” 
sed ‘\/^$\/d’ example.txt \u4eceexample.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u7a7a\u767d\u884c 
sed ‘\/ *#\/d; \/^$\/d’ example.txt \u4eceexample.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u6ce8\u91ca\u548c\u7a7a\u767d\u884c 
echo ‘esempio’ | tr ‘[:lower:]’ ‘[:upper:]’ \u5408\u5e76\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5355\u5143\u683c\u5185\u5bb9 
sed -e ‘1d’ result.txt \u4ece\u6587\u4ef6example.txt \u4e2d\u6392\u9664\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c 
sed -n ‘\/stringa1\/p’ \u67e5\u770b\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u8bcd\u6c47 “string1″\u7684\u884c 
sed -e ‘s\/ *$\/\/’ example.txt \u5220\u9664\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u6700\u540e\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26 
sed -e ‘s\/stringa1\/\/g’ example.txt \u4ece\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u53ea\u5220\u9664\u8bcd\u6c47 “string1” \u5e76\u4fdd\u7559\u5269\u4f59\u5168\u90e8 
sed -n ‘1,5p;5q’ example.txt \u67e5\u770b\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5230\u7b2c5\u884c\u5185\u5bb9 
sed -n ‘5p;5q’ example.txt \u67e5\u770b\u7b2c5\u884c 
sed -e ‘s\/00*\/0\/g’ example.txt \u7528\u5355\u4e2a\u96f6\u66ff\u6362\u591a\u4e2a\u96f6 
cat -n file1 \u6807\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u884c\u6570 
cat example.txt | awk ‘NR%2==1’ \u5220\u9664example.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5076\u6570\u884c 
echo a b c | awk ‘{print $1}’ \u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u884c\u7b2c\u4e00\u680f 
echo a b c | awk ‘{print $1,$3}’ \u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u680f 
paste file1 file2 \u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4e24\u680f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9 
paste -d ‘+’ file1 file2 \u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4e24\u680f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u7528”+”\u533a\u5206 
sort file1 file2 \u6392\u5e8f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9 
sort file1 file2 | uniq \u53d6\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5e76\u96c6(\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u884c\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u4efd) 
sort file1 file2 | uniq -u \u5220\u9664\u4ea4\u96c6\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u884c 
sort file1 file2 | uniq -d \u53d6\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4ea4\u96c6(\u53ea\u7559\u4e0b\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6) 
comm -1 file1 file2 \u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u5220\u9664 ‘file1’ \u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9 
comm -2 file1 file2 \u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u5220\u9664 ‘file2’ \u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9 
comm -3 file1 file2 \u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u5220\u9664\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5171\u6709\u7684\u90e8\u5206 \n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362 <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

dos2unix filedos.txt fileunix.txt \u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u4eceMSDOS\u8f6c\u6362\u6210UNIX\u00a0
unix2dos fileunix.txt filedos.txt \u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u4eceUNIX\u8f6c\u6362\u6210MSDOS\u00a0
recode ..HTML < page.txt > page.html \u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u8f6c\u6362\u6210html\u00a0
recode -l | more \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u683c\u5f0f\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u6790 <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\n\nbadblocks -v \/dev\/hda1 \u68c0\u67e5\u78c1\u76d8hda1\u4e0a\u7684\u574f\u78c1\u5757 
fsck \/dev\/hda1 \u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0alinux\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027 
fsck.ext2 \/dev\/hda1 \u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0aext2\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027 
e2fsck \/dev\/hda1 \u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0aext2\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027 
e2fsck -j \/dev\/hda1 \u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0aext3\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027 
fsck.ext3 \/dev\/hda1 \u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0aext3\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027 
fsck.vfat \/dev\/hda1 \u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0afat\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027 
fsck.msdos \/dev\/hda1 \u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0ados\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027 
dosfsck \/dev\/hda1 \u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0ados\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027 \n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\n\nmkfs \/dev\/hda1 \u5728hda1\u5206\u533a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf 
mke2fs \/dev\/hda1 \u5728hda1\u5206\u533a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2alinux ext2\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf 
mke2fs -j \/dev\/hda1 \u5728hda1\u5206\u533a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2alinux ext3(\u65e5\u5fd7\u578b)\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf 
mkfs -t vfat 32 -F \/dev\/hda1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a FAT32 \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf 
fdformat -n \/dev\/fd0 \u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6f\u76d8 
mkswap \/dev\/hda3 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aswap\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf \n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SWAP\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\n\nmkswap \/dev\/hda3 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aswap\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf 
swapon \/dev\/hda3 \u542f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684swap\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf 
swapon \/dev\/hda2 \/dev\/hdb3 \u542f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2aswap\u5206\u533a \n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5907\u4efd<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

dump -0aj -f \/tmp\/home0.bak \/home \u5236\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a ‘\/home’ \u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u5907\u4efd\u00a0
dump -1aj -f \/tmp\/home0.bak \/home \u5236\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a ‘\/home’ \u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5907\u4efd\u00a0
restore -if \/tmp\/home0.bak \u8fd8\u539f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5907\u4efd\u00a0
rsync -rogpav –delete \/home \/tmp \u540c\u6b65\u4e24\u8fb9\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u00a0
rsync -rogpav -e ssh –delete \/home ip_address:\/tmp \u901a\u8fc7SSH\u901a\u9053rsync\u00a0
rsync -az -e ssh –delete ip_addr:\/home\/public \/home\/local \u901a\u8fc7ssh\u548c\u538b\u7f29\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76ee\u5f55\u540c\u6b65\u5230\u672c\u5730\u76ee\u5f55\u00a0
rsync -az -e ssh –delete \/home\/local ip_addr:\/home\/public \u901a\u8fc7ssh\u548c\u538b\u7f29\u5c06\u672c\u5730\u76ee\u5f55\u540c\u6b65\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76ee\u5f55\u00a0
dd bs=1M if=\/dev\/hda | gzip | ssh user@ip_addr ‘dd of=hda.gz’ \u901a\u8fc7ssh\u5728\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u5907\u4efd\u672c\u5730\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u00a0
dd if=\/dev\/sda of=\/tmp\/file1 \u5907\u4efd\u78c1\u76d8\u5185\u5bb9\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u00a0
tar -Puf backup.tar \/home\/user \u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u5bf9 ‘\/home\/user’ \u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5907\u4efd\u64cd\u4f5c\u00a0
( cd \/tmp\/local\/ && tar c . ) | ssh -C user@ip_addr ‘cd \/home\/share\/ && tar x -p’ \u901a\u8fc7ssh\u5728\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9\u00a0
( tar c \/home ) | ssh -C user@ip_addr ‘cd \/home\/backup-home && tar x -p’ \u901a\u8fc7ssh\u5728\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u672c\u5730\u76ee\u5f55\u00a0
tar cf – . | (cd \/tmp\/backup ; tar xf – ) \u672c\u5730\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u590d\u5236\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u6709\u6743\u9650\u53ca\u94fe\u63a5\u00a0
find \/home\/user1 -name ‘*.txt’ | xargs cp -av –target-directory=\/home\/backup\/ –parents \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u590d\u5236\u6240\u6709\u4ee5 ‘.txt’ \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u00a0
find \/var\/log -name ‘*.log’ | tar cv –files-from=- | bzip2 > log.tar.bz2 \u67e5\u627e\u6240\u6709\u4ee5 ‘.log’ \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u505a\u6210\u4e00\u4e2abzip\u5305\u00a0
dd if=\/dev\/hda of=\/dev\/fd0 bs=512 count=1 \u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06 MBR (Master Boot Record)\u5185\u5bb9\u590d\u5236\u5230\u8f6f\u76d8\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u00a0
dd if=\/dev\/fd0 of=\/dev\/hda bs=512 count=1 \u4ece\u5df2\u7ecf\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u8f6f\u76d8\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u4e2d\u6062\u590dMBR\u5185\u5bb9\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5149\u76d8 <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\n\ncdrecord -v gracetime=2 dev=\/dev\/cdrom -eject blank=fast -force \u6e05\u7a7a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u590d\u5199\u7684\u5149\u76d8\u5185\u5bb9 
mkisofs \/dev\/cdrom > cd.iso \u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5149\u76d8\u7684iso\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6 
mkisofs \/dev\/cdrom | gzip > cd_iso.gz \u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u538b\u7f29\u4e86\u7684\u5149\u76d8iso\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6 
mkisofs -J -allow-leading-dots -R -V “Label CD” -iso-level 4 -o .\/cd.iso data_cd \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684iso\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6 
cdrecord -v dev=\/dev\/cdrom cd.iso \u523b\u5f55\u4e00\u4e2aISO\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6 
gzip -dc cd_iso.gz | cdrecord dev=\/dev\/cdrom – \u523b\u5f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u538b\u7f29\u4e86\u7684ISO\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6 
mount -o loop cd.iso \/mnt\/iso \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2aISO\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6 
cd-paranoia -B \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2aCD\u5149\u76d8\u8f6c\u5f55\u97f3\u8f68\u5230 wav \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d 
cd-paranoia — “-3” \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2aCD\u5149\u76d8\u8f6c\u5f55\u97f3\u8f68\u5230 wav \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff08\u53c2\u6570-3\uff09 
cdrecord –scanbus \u626b\u63cf\u603b\u7ebf\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522bscsi\u901a\u9053 
dd if=\/dev\/hdc | md5sum \u6821\u9a8c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u7684md5sum\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u5f20 CD \n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f51\u7edc – \uff08\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u548cWIFI\u65e0\u7ebf<\/strong>\uff09\n\n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

ifconfig eth0 \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5361\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u00a0
ifup eth0 \u542f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a ‘eth0’ \u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u00a0
ifdown eth0 \u7981\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a ‘eth0’ \u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u00a0
ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 \u63a7\u5236IP\u5730\u5740\u00a0
ifconfig eth0 promisc \u8bbe\u7f6e ‘eth0’ \u6210\u6df7\u6742\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ee5\u55c5\u63a2\u6570\u636e\u5305 (sniffing)\u00a0
dhclient eth0 \u4ee5dhcp\u6a21\u5f0f\u542f\u7528 ‘eth0’\u00a0
route -n show routing table\u00a0
route add -net 0\/0 gw IP_Gateway configura default gateway\u00a0
route add -net 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 gw 192.168.1.1 configure static route to reach network ‘192.168.0.0\/16’\u00a0
route del 0\/0 gw IP_gateway remove static route\u00a0
echo “1” > \/proc\/sys\/net\/ipv4\/ip_forward activate ip routing\u00a0
hostname show hostname of system\u00a0
host www.example.com lookup hostname to resolve name to ip address and viceversa
nslookup www.example.com lookup hostname to resolve name to ip address and viceversa
ip link show show link status of all interfaces\u00a0
mii-tool eth0 show link status of ‘eth0’\u00a0
ethtool eth0 show statistics of network card ‘eth0’\u00a0
netstat -tup show all active network connections and their PID\u00a0
netstat -tupl show all network services listening on the system and their PID\u00a0
tcpdump tcp port 80 show all HTTP traffic\u00a0
iwlist scan show wireless networks\u00a0
iwconfig eth1 show configuration of a wireless network card\u00a0
hostname show hostname\u00a0
host www.example.com lookup hostname to resolve name to ip address and viceversa\u00a0
nslookup www.example.com lookup hostname to resolve name to ip address and viceversa\u00a0
whois www.example.com lookup on Whois database\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8f6c\u81ea\uff1a https:\/\/www.cnblogs.com\/yjd_hycf_space\/p\/7730690.html<\/a> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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